The challenges of working at a small organization are something you should know going into it. Small orgs require wearing a variety of different hats, sometimes switching tasks or priorities at a moment's notice. This mostly helps to keep day-to-day interesting and challenging, but if you're looking for extreme specialization and function siloing, it's something to keep in mind.
Otherwise, depending on your role/function, there just isn't going to be a lengthy ladder to work up. If you're looking for a supremely structured job growth path, you may be better suited to a larger corporation. You’ll be able to explore skills and areas you’re interested in (and are highly encouraged to!) but you’ll need to initiate that exploration.