Hardware Engineer Interview questions in Toronto, ON
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Hardware Engineer interview questions shared by candidates
In puzzle test , a small town, there are three temples in a row and a well in front of each temple. A pilgrim came to the town with certain number of flowers. Before entering the first temple, he washed all the flowers he had with the water of well. To his surprise, flowers doubled. He offered few flowers to the God in the first temple and moved to the second temple. Here also, before entering the temple he washed the remaining flowers with the water of well. And again his flowers doubled. He offered few flowers to the God in second temple and moved to the third temple. Here also, his flowers doubled after washing them with water. He offered few flowers to the God in third temple. There were no flowers left when pilgrim came out of third temple and he offered same number of flowers to the God in all three temples. What is the minimum number of flowers the pilgrim had initially? How many flower did he offer to each God?
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Solve the equation: 2x-y=2y-z=2z
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explain me how to find
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The pilgrim would enter the village with 7 flowers and would have worshipped each god with 8 flowers each. Less
If you have a 10W light bulb and a 100W light bulb, and you connect them together, which one will be brighter?
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@Don you are correct up until your conclusion that "Each bulb will be a little dimmer than in parallel, but 100W still brighter." The 100W bulb is 10x dimmer if you assume resistance does not depend on current. Reality is even worse since R increases with current. Since the 10W bulb has 10x higher resistance than 100W bulb, it will absorb 10x as much power in the voltage divider: 100W bulb = 1A at 100V, or 100 ohms 10W bulb = 0.1A at 100V, or 1000 ohms 100W bulb + 10W bulb in series driven off 110V line is 1100 ohms carrying 0.1A of current. Power delivered to 10W bulb is P = I^2 x R = (0.1A)^2 x (1000 ohm) = 10W. Power delivered to 100W bulb is P = (0.1A)^2 x (100 ohm) = 1W. So the 100W bulb only receives 1W delivered power because the 10W bulb absorbs all the power in the divider. The 10W bulb will be brighter. Less
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1. When connected in series: In a series connection, current flowing across each element is same. So when 40W bulb and 60W bulb are connected in series, same current will flow through them. To find which bulb will glow brighter we need to find the power dissipation across each of them. From the relation P=(I*I) R since current is same we can say that power dissipation will be higher for the bulb with higher resistance i.e. 40W bulb. Hence 40W bulb will glow brighter in series connection. 2. When connected in parallel: In a parallel connection, voltage across each element is same. So when 40W bulb and 60W bulb are connected in parallel, voltage across them will be same (100 V in the given case). To find which bulb will glow brighter we need to find the power dissipation across each of them. From the relation P=(V*V)/R since voltage is same we can say that power dissipation will be higher for the bulb with lower resistance i.e. 60W bulb. Hence 60W bulb will glow brighter in parallel connection. Less
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I have attended the same question, 40W & 100W bulb with 110V supply , all are them connected in serial Answer : Who is having more resistance, he will have more power drop also he is the brighter one. Here 100W will have less resistance and 40W bulb has more resistance, So 40W will be glow brighter than 100W bulb R1 = 110 x 110 / 100 = 2.2 ohm R2 = 110 x 110 / 40 = 302.5 ohm Answer is 40W bulb will be brighter than 100W bulb Less
Describe a function to check if an integer is a power of 2.
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Write the number in binary and count the number of ones in that.If the number os ones is only 1 then it the number is indeed a power of 2 Less
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For an integer n: If n is less than 1, return false. If the bitwise & of n and n-1 is 0, return true. Otherwise, return false. Less
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I think the main idea is to use recursion function, for the integer which is larger than 0, if it is 1 return true, else return function(n-1) Less
If you have a 600 digit number with only 0's and 1's, and exactly 300 1's, can the number be a square?
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The answer should be YES: @gustion: your example with 49 (7 pwr2) is correct but with 25 (5 pwr2) is incorrect. 7 in binary is 111 (3 1-bits is half of 6 bits), but 5 in binary is 101 (2 1-bits does not equal half of 6 bits). In general, any binary number with n-bits, half of which are 0's and half are 1's is a square of a binary number with half the number of bits, all being 1-value bits. In addition, the number's magnitude will be n/2-1 1-bits followed by n/2 0-bits followed by the last 1-bit. For example, lets say we have a 16-bit number. The number which will have 8 1-bit and 8 0-bit binary digits and also be a square is: 1111 1110 0000 0001 (7 1-bits followed by 8 0-bits followed by 1-bit) and this number is a square of 1111 1111 Binary number with 600 bits and 300 1-bits will have a magnitude of 299 1-bits followed by 300 0-bits followed by 1-bit, and it will be a square of a 300-bit number with the magnitude of 300 1-bits. Less
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Well on a simple note, 9's binary is 1001, a 4 digit binary with two 1's and two 0's, and is a perfect square. The same analogy should also be true for any such number. Less
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No
Q: What does a capacitor look like at high frequency?
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A: A capacitor looks like a capacitor, inductor, and resistor in series at high frequency. Less
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A short
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Its an short circuit at very high frequencies. Look at the impedance for a capacitor and you'll notice that the frequency is inversely related to it. (also note that capacitor impedance is purely reactive). Therefore, as frequency increases the impedance approaches 0, which acts like a short. (an inductor is the opposite) Less
10 Gbytes of 32-bit numbers on a magnetic tape, all there from 0 to 10G in random order. You have 64 32 bit words of memory available: design an algorithm to check that each number from 0 to 10G occurs once and only once on the tape, with minimum passes of the tape by a read head connected to your algorithm.
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a 32 bit number can have unique values from 0 to (2^32)-1. Meaning it can have max value of upto (4 Giga -1). If there are more than 4 Giga locations, then there is repetition which is obvious, even before one starts the question. Usually, questions of repetition can be solved by "XOR"ing all the values. If the value is not zero then some number is repeated. One should solve around that angle. Less
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I think the employer was asking about the binary search tree algorithm. This is how I would have answered it. 1. First create a binary tree for all the data(which can be 4 gb only) 2. Every time a new data is to be inserted into the memory, we should traverse the tree to search if the element is present: if present, return "element already stored and so we cannot insert it again" else, insert the element into its appropriate place. Since, its a binary tree we can search an element in (log n) time and with minimum number of passes. Less
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Good luck with that. You'd better come up with an answer in <10 minutes.
What are the effects of a mismatched circuit?
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IIP2 & DC Offsets
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IN the digital domain, zero crossings and ISI , as well as DC offset can be compromised.Loss of received signal strength with distortion, Overheating and damage to TX drivers Less
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Worse is not working.
What will be the output if 100 volt DC is fed into 1:2 Transformer ?
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Zero..since dc can't produce emf in windings.
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Zero. Because, Transformer never allow DC power.
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Core Gets Saturated. Lol !
What are some effects of an impedance mismatch on a high speed circuit
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Signal reflections, power loss.
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Signal reflection, bit error, EMI problem
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Crosstalk, signal reflection or defrection on PCB or SMT ; are some effect of an impedance mismatch high speed circuit Less
They gave an example of a failed part and asked: When selecting a material what would you take into consideration more, tensile strength or yield strength?
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Yield strength?
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That's a rather generic question. It really depends on the standards you set, but as a general rule the smart money goes to yield strength because once once a material deforms plastically it requires energy to go back to the original shape. Moreover plastic deformation causes great stress in the material (i'm looking at you polymer). Less
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I wouldn't think there is a right or wrong answer towards it. It should depend on what you are trying to assess here. If you are interested in making sure product doesn't wear out (fatigue issue) over intended design life, you should focus more on yield strength, whereas, if you are interested in making sure product doesn't fail under extreme condition, then you should look at ultimate tensile strength. Less