"Is there anything that would come up in your background check, such as payments being made to the government with a balance that's over $10,000?"

Since it’s a regulated company you have to have a stable financial past. No credit issues, bankruptcies, bounced checks...

They also do a credit check as part of the hiring process.

To be honest, this is a confusing question. What exactly were they trying to get out of you? Whether you had to be fined for something in the past?